How SPE/PEM Electrolysis Filters Chlorine From Hydrogen Water Bottles

Hydrogen water bottles with SPE/PEM electrolysers offer a cutting-edge solution for delivering clean, hydrogen-rich water while effectively removing harmful contaminants like chlorine. By leveraging advanced electrolysis technology and the selective filtration properties of the Proton Exchange Membrane, these bottles ensure the water is free from impurities, optimising both taste and safety. This innovative process not only enhances hydrogen production but also protects your health by eliminating chlorine and its by-products. For those seeking superior hydration and wellness, bottles like Evolved H2O provide the ultimate combination of advanced filtration and high hydrogen output.

Why Chlorine Is Found in Tap Water

Chlorine is added to tap water to kill harmful microorganisms and ensure it is safe for public consumption. This chemical disinfectant has been a cornerstone of municipal water treatment, protecting communities from waterborne diseases.

Why chlorine is found in tap water is a question tied to its essential role in public health. Chlorine acts as a protective measure, ensuring water remains safe for consumption as it travels through extensive distribution systems.

While effective in reducing waterborne illnesses, chlorine has its downsides. It can leave an unpleasant chemical taste and odour, making tap water less palatable. Moreover, chlorine can react with organic matter in water to form harmful by-products, such as trihalomethanes (THMs), which have been linked to potential health risks.

For hydrogen water bottle users, the presence of chlorine in tap water underscores the importance of choosing a bottle with advanced filtration capabilities. SPE/PEM technology not only removes chlorine but also elevates the water’s quality by producing high concentrations of pure hydrogen.

What Is SPE/PEM Technology?

SPE (Solid Polymer Electrolysis) and PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) - SPE/PEM Technology - technology are advanced systems designed to perform two key functions: splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis and filtering out impurities, such as chlorine. The core of this technology lies in its solid polymer membrane, a highly specialised material engineered for precise ionic separation and proton conduction.

Solid Polymer Electrolysis (SPE)

In SPE, water molecules undergo electrolysis, a process where an electric current splits water into its fundamental components:

• Hydrogen ions (H⁺), oxygen gas (O₂), and free electrons (e⁻).

The electrolyser is divided into two compartments separated by the PEM, which ensures the segregation of hydrogen and oxygen, as well as impurities like chlorine ions (Cl⁻).

Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM)

The PEM is the heart of the system, performing two critical roles:

• Proton Conduction: It selectively allows positively charged hydrogen ions (H⁺) to pass through while blocking negatively charged ions, such as chlorine (Cl⁻), and other impurities.
• Barrier Function: By acting as a physical and ionic filter, the PEM ensures that only pure hydrogen is generated and infused back into the water, leaving chlorine and other by-products behind.

Key Features of SPE/PEM Technology

• Selective Permeability: The PEM’s fixed negative charges repel negatively charged ions like Cl⁻, preventing them from contaminating the hydrogen-rich water.
• Efficient Electrolysis: The solid polymer structure facilitates rapid and consistent splitting of water molecules, ensuring high hydrogen output and purity.
• Durability: The materials used in SPE/PEM systems are designed to withstand repeated cycles of electrolysis, maintaining performance over time.

By combining these features, SPE/PEM technology ensures hydrogen water bottles not only generate high-purity hydrogen but also effectively remove harmful substances like chlorine.

How SPE/PEM Technology Removes Chlorine from Water

SPE/PEM technology removes chlorine through a combination of electrolysis and selective filtration. The process is efficient and ensures that hydrogen-rich water is free from chlorine and its by-products.

1) Electrolysis Splits Water Molecules

• An electric current splits water (H₂O) into hydrogen ions (H⁺), oxygen gas (O₂), and electrons (e⁻).
• At the anode (positive electrode), chlorine ions (Cl⁻) are oxidised to form chlorine gas (Cl₂), which is safely vented out of the system.

2) Selective Filtration by the PEM

• The Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) blocks negatively charged ions, such as chlorine (Cl⁻), from passing through.
• Only hydrogen ions (H⁺) are allowed to move through the PEM to the cathode (negative electrode), where they form molecular hydrogen gas (H₂).

3) Production of Clean, Hydrogen-Rich Water

• The PEM ensures that chlorine and other impurities are filtered out, leaving the final hydrogen-enriched water safe, pure, and free of harmful chemicals.

This dual functionality of chlorine removal and hydrogen production makes SPE/PEM technology the most effective method for producing high-quality hydrogen water.

How SPE/PEM Technology Removes Chlorine from Water

The removal of chlorine by SPE/PEM technology is a precise process driven by the electrolysis system and the properties of the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM). Here’s a detailed breakdown of how this works:

1) Electrolysis Process

When an electric current is applied, water molecules are split into their fundamental components:

• At the anode (positive electrode), water is oxidised, producing oxygen gas (O₂), hydrogen ions (H⁺), and free electrons (e⁻).
• The hydrogen ions (H⁺) are directed toward the cathode (negative electrode) via the PEM.

2) Chlorine at the Anode

Chlorine ions (Cl⁻), present in tap water, are drawn to the anode where they are oxidised to form chlorine gas (Cl₂):

• Chemical Reaction: 2Cl⁻ → Cl₂ + 2e⁻
• This chlorine gas is then safely vented out of the system, ensuring it does not contaminate the water or interfere with the hydrogen production process.

3) Selective Filtration by the PEM

The Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) plays a critical role in filtering out chlorine and other impurities:

• The PEM’s negatively charged functional groups repel chlorine ions (Cl⁻) and other negatively charged impurities, ensuring they do not pass through the membrane.
• Only positively charged hydrogen ions (H⁺) can pass through the PEM to the cathode, where they are reduced to form molecular hydrogen gas (H₂).

4) Purification of Hydrogen-Enriched Water

By preventing chlorine and other impurities from passing through, the PEM ensures that the hydrogen-rich water is:

• Clean and safe for consumption.
• Free from chemical contaminants, including chlorine and its by-products.

This advanced system allows SPE/PEM technology to simultaneously generate pure hydrogen and remove chlorine from water, making it ideal for those prioritising health and hydration.

The Science Behind PEM Selectivity

The Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) is the key component in SPE/PEM technology, designed to ensure effective chlorine removal while facilitating pure hydrogen production. Its operation is rooted in advanced material properties and electrochemical mechanisms that selectively filter ions while allowing hydrogen ions (protons) to pass through.

1) Fixed Negative Charges

The PEM is embedded with fixed negatively charged functional groups, such as sulfonic acid groups (-SO₃⁻). These charges:

• Repel negatively charged ions like chlorine ions (Cl⁻), preventing them from moving through the membrane.
• Attract positively charged hydrogen ions (H⁺), facilitating their passage through the membrane.

2) Hydrophilic Channels for Proton Conduction

The PEM contains hydrophilic (water-attracting) channels that enable the movement of hydrogen ions across the membrane:

• Hydrogen ions (H⁺) bond with water molecules within the membrane to form hydronium ions (H₃O⁺).
• These hydronium ions move through the membrane via a process called proton hopping (also known as the Grotthuss mechanism). In this process, protons transfer from one water molecule to the next, effectively “hopping” across the membrane.
• By the time the hydronium ions reach the cathode side of the PEM, the protons separate from the water molecules and are ready to participate in the next reaction.

3) Reaction at the Cathode

Once the protons (H⁺) arrive at the cathode, they combine with electrons (from the external circuit) to form molecular hydrogen gas (H₂):
2H⁺ + 2e⁻ → H₂
The water molecules that carried the protons (hydronium ions) remain in the system and do not interfere with the hydrogen-rich water being produced.

4) Physical Barrier

The PEM’s physical structure ensures additional selectivity:

• Microscopic pores block larger ions and molecules, ensuring only hydrogen ions (H⁺) can pass through.
• Negatively charged ions like Cl⁻ remain on the anode side and cannot cross into the cathode chamber.

5) Chlorine Neutralisation and Venting

At the anode, chlorine ions (Cl⁻) are oxidised to form chlorine gas (Cl₂), which is safely vented away:

2Cl⁻ → Cl₂ + 2e⁻

This prevents chlorine and its by-products from entering the water or interfering with the hydrogen production process.

Benefits of Chlorine Filtration in Hydrogen Water Bottles

Chlorine filtration in hydrogen water bottles provides several critical benefits that enhance both the quality of the water and the overall user experience. By utilising advanced SPE/PEM technology, these bottles ensure that harmful contaminants like chlorine are effectively removed, allowing for safe and healthy hydration.

1) Improved Taste and Odour

Chlorine is known to leave an unpleasant chemical taste and smell in tap water. By filtering out chlorine, hydrogen water bottles deliver water that is fresh, clean, and enjoyable to drink.

2) Enhanced Health Benefits

• Chlorine exposure, even at low levels, may have long-term health implications due to the formation of by-products like trihalomethanes (THMs).
• By removing chlorine, SPE/PEM hydrogen water bottles ensure the water is free from these harmful contaminants, allowing users to prioritise their health.

3) Optimised Hydrogen Production

• Chlorine-free water allows the electrolyser to perform more efficiently, generating higher levels of pure hydrogen.
• This ensures the user receives the maximum antioxidant benefits from hydrogen-rich water.

4) Longevity of the Bottle

Removing chlorine and other impurities prevents potential buildup or corrosion in the electrolyser base, extending the lifespan of the hydrogen water bottle and maintaining its performance over time.

Why Choose Hydrogen Water Bottles with SPE/PEM Technology?

Hydrogen water bottles with SPE/PEM technology are the gold standard for producing clean, hydrogen-rich water. They not only offer superior hydrogen production but also ensure that the water you consume is free from harmful contaminants like chlorine.

• Dual Functionality: SPE/PEM systems combine water purification with efficient hydrogen production, delivering unmatched performance in one compact device.
• Precision Filtration: The PEM’s ability to block chlorine ions and other impurities ensures that the water is both safe and highly beneficial for health.
• Trusted Innovation: SPE/PEM technology has been developed with cutting-edge materials and engineering, making it the most reliable solution for hydrogen generation and water purification.
• Evolved H2O: Premium hydrogen water bottles, like those from Evolved-H2O, incorporate SPE/PEM technology to provide clean, chlorine-free hydrogen water with high hydrogen concentrations (up to 6,000 ppb).

Choosing a hydrogen water bottle with SPE/PEM technology ensures you’re investing in a product designed for long-term health, hydration, and performance.

Final Thoughts on How Hydrogen Water Bottles with SPE/PEM Electrolysers Filter Chlorine

SPE/PEM technology revolutionises the way hydrogen water bottles provide clean, hydrogen-rich water by effectively removing chlorine and other impurities during the electrolysis process. By leveraging advanced filtration mechanisms, including the Proton Exchange Membrane, these systems ensure that the water you consume is free from harmful contaminants while delivering the maximum antioxidant benefits of molecular hydrogen.

For those prioritising their health and hydration, investing in a hydrogen water bottle with SPE/PEM technology is a smart choice. These bottles not only improve water quality by filtering out chlorine but also optimise hydrogen production, ensuring you experience the full range of wellness benefits.

If you’re looking for the best in hydrogen water bottle technology, options like Evolved H2O deliver unparalleled performance, combining advanced chlorine filtration with high hydrogen output. By choosing the right bottle, you can enjoy clean, safe, and effective hydration every day.